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Abstract.................................................................................................1
EXPALNATION OF RESEARC, QUESTIONS, AND
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES. Introduction. Problem.
Related Research. Research Questions. Research Design.10
Local Farming Systems. Methods an Analys Farming
Research for Development and Natural Resourse
Management...............................................................................10-16
Fieldwork: Interviews. Significance........................................17-19
CONDITIONS IN PARAGUAY AND AT THE STUDY SITES.
Socioeconomic Conditions in Paraguay. Climates, Soils,
and Population at the study Sites. Aguaity, Eusebio
Ayala. Ñu Pyahu..........................................................................20-28
MEDICINAL PLANTS, CONSERVATION, AND
DEVELOPMENT. Traditional Medicine, Health Care,
and the Enviroment. Recognition of Medicinal Plants as
an Important Natural Resource and Health Issue.
Regulatory Agancies and Conventions. Projects that
involve Medicinal Plants and Conservation Around the
world. The Sri Lanka Conservation on Medicinal Plants
Project. Extractive Reserve in theBrazilian Amazon.
The Belize Ethnobotany Project. AMETRA 2000.
Potential Negative Effects od Medicinal Plant Projects.
Community Development through Medicinal
Plant projects..............................................................................29-36
Conservation Trust for Sharing Financial Benefits.
Healthcare, Medicinal Plants, and Conservation in
Paraguay. Threats to Medicinal Plants. Deforastation.
Loss of Indiginous Knowledge. Uran Sprawl.
Globalization...............................................................................37-43
Standarization for Export or Focus on Local Needs.
Attitudes Towards Conservation Issues in Paraguay.
Community Develoopment in Paraguay. Conclusion........43-48
MEDICINAL PLANT USE IN PARAGUAY: IMPORTANCE,
HISTORY, AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS. Natural Life.
MOdern Paraguay. Medicinal Plants in Spain. Spices There,
Medicines Here. Plants Exchange During the Conquest
and Early Colony. The Jesuit Period. The Post-Jesuit
Period. The 19th Century..........................................................49-61
The Post-War Years. The National University of Asunción.
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Paraguayan Neutraceutical Research. Cycles of
Knowledge an Use of Medicinals in the World and
Paraguay. The Passing on of Knowledge. Western
Physicians’ Attitudes. Cultivation and the Multi-Nationals.
Maintaning Healthcare through Annotation an
Cultivation. Homegardens, Helthcare, and Nutraceuticals.
Conclusion................................................................................61-75
FARMING SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS AT THE
STUDY SITES: INPUTS FOR THE ETHNOGRAPHIC
LINEAR PROGRAM. Economic Analysis Using
Ethnographic Linear Programming. Inputs: Details of
Resources and Constraints. General Activities. Principal
Crops Grown (Cropping Activities). Resources: Land.
Labor. The Intercrop Numbers. Constrants. Cash...........76-92
OUPUTS FROM THE ETHNOGRAPHIC LINEAR
PROGRAM. What is the Range Fields? Maize Yields.
Land and Discretionary Cash. Remittances abd Food
Security. Variation by Quarters. Price Threshold at
Which Medicinal Plants Replace Cotton. Being Better Off.
Likely Adopters. Conclusion..................................................93-99
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMENDITIONS.
Strategy. Distance, Access, and Crop Diversity.
Being Better Off. Target Group for Medicinal Plant
Cultivation Projects. REcommendations. Saving
Financial Resources by Identifying Target Groups.
Need for Production Research. Need for Neutraceutical
Research...............................................................................100-111
Keeping Production in the Hands of Small Farmers.
Healthcare as an Objective. Economic Justification for
Medicinal Plants Projects...................................................111-117
APENDIX A: SURVEY RESULTS. Qustions: 1-47.........118- 130
APENDIX B: LIST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS: Common
name. Scientific Name. Family. Plants Part Used........130-133
APENDIX C: FARMING SYSTEM DATE. Linear
Programming Data Obtained through Interviews.........134-139
APENDIX D: BASELINE ETHNOGRAPHIC LINEAR
PROGRAM............................................................................140-144
REFERENCES....................................................................145-150
APENDIX E: THE PROBLEM. Conclusions....................151-159
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